Its suburbs were burned by the Teutonic Knights in 1379. In 1419 it became a seat of the starost in the newly created Trakai Voivodeship. In 1390 Brest became the first city in the lands that now are Belarus to receive Magdeburg rights. Later it was part of the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It was hotly contested between the Polish rulers (kings, principal dukes and dukes of Masovia) and Kievan Rus princes, laid waste by the Mongols in 1241 (see: First Mongol invasion of Poland), and was not rebuilt until 1275. It is one of the oldest cities in Belarus. As a town, Brest – Berestye in Kievan Rus – was first mentioned in the Primary Chronicle in 1019 when the Kievan Rus took the stronghold from the Poles. In 1019, Brest was first mentioned in chronicles as "Berestye" Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, first granted Brest a coat of arms in 1554. An alternative coat of arms has a red shield.
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After World War II, the city became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic with the name simplified as Brest.īrest's coat of arms, adopted on 26 January 1991, features an arrow pointed upwards and a bow (both silver) on a sky-blue shield. After World War I, and the rebirth of Poland in 1918, the government of the Second Polish Republic renamed the city as Brześć nad Bugiem ("Brest on the Bug") on 20 March 1923. Brześć became part of the Russian Empire under the name Brest-Litovsk or Brest-Litovskii ( Russian: Брест-Литовск, Брест-Литовский, literally "Lithuanian Brest") in the course of the Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth formed in 1569, the town became known in Polish as Brześć, historically Brześć Litewski (literally: "Lithuanian Brest", in contradistinction to Brześć Kujawski). Traditionally, Belarusian-speakers called the city Берасце ( Bieraście).īrest became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1319. Once a center of Jewish scholarship, the city has the Yiddish name בריסק ( Brisk), hence the term "Brisker" used to describe followers of the influential Soloveitchik family of rabbis. It could likewise have come from the Lithuanian word brasta meaning "ford". The name could also originate from Slavic root berest meaning " elm". It may have the Slavic root beresta meaning " birch", or "bark". Several theories attempt to explain the origin of the city's name. The city was in the Belarusian SSR until the breakup of the USSR in 1991. In 1944, it was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Lublin–Brest offensive.
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In 1941, it was retaken by the Germans during Operation Barbarossa. In 1939, during the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, the city was first captured by the Wehrmacht and soon passed on to the USSR per the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. After World War I, the city was conquered by the Second Polish Republic. In 1795, it was incorporated into the Russian Empire with the Partitions.
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Furthermore, the Brest Fortress was recognized by the Soviet Union as a Hero Fortress in honour of the defense of Brest Fortress in June 1941.įrom late middle ages to 1795, the city was of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which later became a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569. It is the capital city of the Brest Region.īrest is a historical site for many cultures, as it hosted important historical events, such as the Union of Brest and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. City executive committee's official websiteīrest ( Belarusian: Брэст / Берасьце, Bieraście, pronounced Russian: Брест, pronounced Lithuanian: Brasta Polish: Brześć Yiddish: בריסק, romanized: Brisk), formerly Brest-Litovsk ( Russian: Брест-Литовск, lit.'Lithuanian Brest' Belarusian: Берасце Літоўскі (Берасце), romanized: Berastze Litouski (Berastze) Lithuanian: Lietuvos Brasta Polish: Brześć Litewski, Yiddish: בריסק דליטא), Brest-on-the-Bug (Polish: Brześć nad Bugiem), is a city (population 350,616 in 2019) in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish city of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet, making it a Border town.